A tier-two operator can lease services from a tier-one operator. Tier-one operators can handle call origination and call termination. Internet NetworksĪ tier-one operator is licensed and registered to operate an Internet protocol (IP) network for Internet telephony services. The route may begin on the Internet but will end at a point that was reached by routing the call from the public switched telephone network (PSTN), which is the common description for call termination. Most of the recipients of telephone calls receive the calls with a landline phone or with a cellular phone. The calls that were initiated on the Internet usually end at a point that is not on the Internet. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a term that is used to describe a call that was initiated on the Internet such as Skype calls or calls made with Google Voice. The calls that are initiated with Google Voice may never connect or could be delayed. The sound of the voices may seem to be amplified with echoes and have a scratchy quality.
There may be problems with the telephone calls that begin on the Internet and end at a cellular phone. The calling party is the person who has initiated the call and who wants to be connected to the called party. The process may seem simple to individuals who do not experience problems with making telephone calls but is not so simple to individuals who make calls that will not connect such as calls to a different country. The procedures for routing the call stop when the call has been received by the recipient. The endpoint of the route may be on the Internet or may be at a point that was reached by routing the call through the public switched telephone network. The called party is the person who has received the telephone call. The telephone companies are also referred to as providers or carriers. Voice termination is another term that is used for call termination. VoIP call termination is used to refer to the procedures that are used for routing telephone calls from one provider to the next provider until the call has been routed to the last telephone company and has been received by the recipient.
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